基于航空重、磁数据的南黄海海相地层分布特征识别     

佟晶  张婉  张玄杰  熊盛青 《中国地质调查》2020,7(5):95-106

基于南黄海海域实测高精度航空重、磁数据,结合航空重、磁场及物性特征,通过平均对数功率谱分析匹配滤波方法技术,对南黄海海相地层界面起伏引起的重、磁异常特征进行分离、提取,采用切线法和外奎尔法计算海相地层界面的深度,经地质和地球物理综合解释,编制了南黄海海相地层底界面、顶界面深度图及海相地层厚度图。在此基础上,初步划分了南黄海海相地层构造单元,探讨了南黄海海相地层的分布特征。苏北—南黄海坳陷区的中部坳陷和南部坳陷均发育在强磁性基底之上,构造变形较弱,海相地层保存完整,埋藏浅,厚度为4~8 km,是南黄海地区具有较大资源潜力的油气勘探区。  相似文献   

基于参与式制图方法的景观服务评估与空间结构研究     

朱亚茹  高峻  邴振华  张中浩  付晶 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1106-1119

景观服务评估核心是人与环境之间复杂的动态关系,基于利益相关者的参与式制图方法是建立景观服务分类体系和量化指标的有效途径。本文采用参与式制图方法,以九寨沟自然保护区为例,根据景观服务分类研究成果,并结合九寨沟自然资源特点和景观服务使用者半结构式访谈数据,提出了适用于九寨沟的景观服务指标体系。本研究方法以管理局工作人员、居民和游客等服务使用者作为参与式调研对象,分别就其需求和景观服务感知程度进行半结构式访谈,并利用GIS技术将数据空间位置和功能属性结合,得到九寨沟有3大类景观服务和17个相关指标,以及737个景观服务点。通过研究结果可知,当地村落建筑与众多景观服务指标（包括观鸟场所、野营旅游、民俗与节庆等13个指标）具有极强的空间关联性。同时,景观服务使用者感知的景观价值在空间上属于聚集分布形式,主要围绕着开放生态旅游的3条沟谷分布,并向外围扩散。其中景观服务的“高—高”空间聚集区主要分布在沟口等与人类需求密切联系的区域,而景观服务的“低—低”空间聚集区则主要分布在原始森林等与人类居住、活动相距较远的区域。综上,基于参与式制图方法建立的景观服务分类和空间分析,发现九寨沟景观服务的空间位置与使用者紧密相关,其景观价值的空间结构特征是服务使用者与环境长期互动的结果,该结果可以用来引导并进一步优化九寨沟的功能分区规划。  相似文献   

松辽盆地北部上二叠统林西组地球化学特征及地质意义     

张健  张海华  陈树旺  郑月娟  张德军  苏飞  黄欣 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):518-530

为探讨松辽盆地北部林西组地球化学特征、沉积环境及构造背景，对该区黑富地1井所钻遇的上二叠统林西组暗色泥质板岩进行主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素测试分析，结果表明：样品主量元素平均质量分数SiO₂为65.05%、Al₂O₃为17.23%、CaO为2.58%、Na₂O为2.84%、K₂O为3.29%，K₂O/Na₂O值为0.20~3.48，A1₂O₃/（CaO+Na₂O）值为0.41~8.01；稀土元素w（∑REE）值介于80.68×10^-6~215.59×10^-6之间，平均值为173.41×10^-6，δEu值介于0.61~0.88之间，平均值为0.70，表现为Eu的负异常，δCe值介于0.91×10^-6~1.01×10^-6之间，为微弱的Ce负异常，LREE富集，HREE亏损；微量元素以亏损Nb、Ta、Sr，相对富集Rb、Ba、La、Ce、Pb、Nd、Sm为特征。样品元素分析和物源w（TiO₂）-w（Ni）、La/Th-w（Hf）等判别图解表明，林西组沉积物源具有多样性，主要来源于上地壳长英质物源，还有少量来自中、基性岩火成岩物源区。样品微量元素标准化蛛网图，稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式图，K₂O/Na₂O-w（SiO₂）、Th-Co-Zr/10、F₂-F₁构造背景判别图及地球化学参数对比结果表明，松辽盆地北部林西组物源构造背景主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧，可能形成于靠近大陆岛弧的活动大陆边缘构造背景。林西组应形成于海陆过渡相到陆相环境，水体由半咸水逐渐转变为淡水。  相似文献   

Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type     

Li‐Juan Du  Bo Li  Zhi‐Long Huang  Jun Chen  Jia‐Xi Zhou  Guo‐Fu Zou  Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.  相似文献   

基于车桥耦合振动的常用简支空心板梁桥冲击系数分析          下载免费PDF全文

梁栋  张硕  刘菁  邹轩 《世界地震工程》2019,35(3):144-152

通过Universal Mechanism和ANSYS软件相结合建立了车桥耦合振动模型，考虑车型、行车速度、车重和桥梁频率等因素，对工程常用的4种标准跨径装配式混凝土空心板梁桥进行了车桥耦合振动模拟。研究表明:冲击系数随车速增加而上升；随车重增加而增大；随桥梁频率的增加而降低。在多种因素中，车速对冲击系数影响最为明显。  相似文献   

Time-variant fragility analysis of the bridge system considering time-varying dependence among typical component seismic demands     

Song  Shuai  Qian  Yongjiu  Liu  Jing  Xie  Xiaorui  Wu  Gang 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(2):363-377

This paper presents a copula technique to develop time-variant seismic fragility curves for corroded bridges at the system level and considers the realistic time-varying dependence among component seismic demands. Based on material deterioration mechanisms and incremental dynamic analysis, the time-evolving seismic demands of components were obtained in the form of marginal probability distributions. The time-varying dependences among bridge components were then captured with the best fitting copula function, which was selected from the commonly used copula classes by the empirical distribution based analysis method. The system time-variant fragility curves at different damage states were developed and the effects of time-varying dependences among components on the bridge system fragility were investigated. The results indicate the time-varying dependence among components significantly affects the time-variant fragility of the bridge system. The copula technique captures the nonlinear dependence among component seismic demands accurately and easily by separating the marginal distributions and the dependence among them.  相似文献   

SH波水平入射穿越垂直断层隧道动力响应分析     

杜修力  苏驰翔  黄景琦  王媛  赵密  欧阳文龙 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):269-280

结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动输入方法和显式有限元法，设计了含垂直断层三维场地的SH波输入方法。基于建立的输入方法，研究了垂直断层对隧道地震响应的影响，并通过自由场算例验证了该方法具有较好精度。数值模拟结果表明:对于断层迎波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其地震动响应产生显著的放大作用，对于断层逆波侧的隧道结构，断层会对其产生隔离地震动的作用；相对周围围岩，断层介质的剪切波速越小，其产生的放大效应和隔震效果也会越显著；断层宽度越小，其对隧道地震动响应的影响范围也就越小，但是断层宽度的变化对于断层两侧隧道的地震动响应的影响并不明显。  相似文献   

低周反复荷载下Q460钢材框架柱抗震性能分析     

刘宽  马煜东  黄娇  刘笑笑  苏佶智 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(3):535-554

为了进一步完善Q460钢材在抗震设计规范中相关限值的要求，本文利用有限元软件ABAQUS，以轴压比、翼缘宽厚比、腹板高厚比和壁板宽厚比为变量，建立了共48根“工”字型框架柱和“箱”型框架柱，分析了其抗震性能。结果表明:翼缘宽厚比对框架柱的能量耗散系数影响较小；能量耗散系数随轴压比、腹板高厚比（“工”字型）和壁板宽厚比（“箱”型）增大而明显减小；框架柱的极限承载力随轴压比的减小及壁板宽厚比和翼缘宽厚比的增大而逐渐增大，当腹板高厚比接近规范限值时，承载力下降趋势明显增大。与采用Q235钢材的框架柱相比，Q460钢材框架柱的延性较小，仅为2左右；当采用Q460钢材时，“工”字型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.03，“箱”型框架柱的极限位移角限值建议取为0.032。规范中对翼缘宽厚比限值的规定偏于保守，其值最大可取至9。无论是“工”字型框架柱还是“箱”型框架柱，其腹板高厚比均不宜过大。Q460钢材框架柱的刚度退化率随轴压比的增大而增强，且翼缘宽厚比越大，腹板高厚比越小，柱的初始刚度越大，刚度退化程度越明显。  相似文献   

Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbance on Sediment Organic Carbon Mineralization Under Different Water Conditions in Coastal Wetland of a Subtropical Estuary     

Xiaojie Mou  Xingtu Liu  Zhigao Sun  Chuan Tong  Jiafang Huang  Siang Wan  Chun Wang  Bolong Wen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(3):400-410

The changes in soil organic carbon(C) mineralization as affected by anthropogenic disturbance directly determine the role of soils as C source or sink in the global C budget. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of anthropogenic disturbance(aquaculture pond, pollutant discharge and agricultural activity) on soil organic C mineralization under different water conditions in the Minjiang River estuary wetland, Southeast China. The results showed that the organic C mineralization in the wetland soils was significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions(P 0.001), and the interaction between human disturbance activities and water conditions was also significant(P 0.01). The C mineralization rate and the cumulative mineralized carbon dioxide-carbon(CO_2-C)(at the 49th day) ranked from highest to lowest as follows: Phragmites australis wetland soil aquaculture pond sediment soil near the discharge outlet rice paddy soil. This indicated that human disturbance inhibited the mineralization of C in soils of the Minjiang River estuary wetland, and the inhibition increased with the intensity of human disturbance. The data for cumulative mineralized CO_2-C showed a good fit(R~2 0.91) to the first-order kinetic model C_t = C_0(1 – exp(–kt)). The kinetic parameters C_0, k and C_0 k were significantly affected by human disturbance and water conditions. In addition, the total amount of mineralized C(in 49 d) was positively related to C_0, C_0 k and electrical conductivity of soils. These findings indicated that anthropogenic disturbance suppressed the organic C mineralization potential in subtropical coastal wetland soils, and changes of water pattern as affected by human activities in the future would have a strong influence on C cycling in the subtropical estuarine wetlands.  相似文献